最高人民法院 最高人民检察院 公安部


最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部关于无期徒刑减为有期徒刑的罪犯假释问题的批复

1979年11月23日，最高法院、最高检察院、公安部

新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院、人民检察院、公安局：
你院、局（79）新法发字52号、新检三字（79）21号、新公劳（79）55号请示收悉。你们在执行最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部1979年4月16日《关于清理老弱病残犯和精神病犯的联合通知》中，提出对无期徒刑减为有期徒刑的罪犯，是按原判无期徒刑实际执行十年以上，还是按减为有期徒刑后已执行刑期二分之一以上，来考虑假释或提前释放的问题。经我们研究认为，对无期徒刑减为有期徒刑的罪犯，仍应按原判无期徒刑实际执行十年以上，才能考虑是否可以假释或提前释放。至于联合通知中提到的提前释放的办法，由于刑法无此规定，从明年1月1日起刑法生效施行后，即不应再行使用。
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国务院


中华人民共和国水下文物保护管理条例(附英文)

1989年10月20日，国务院

第一条 为了加强水下文物保护工作的管理，根据《中华人民共和国文物保护法》的有关规定，制定本条例。
第二条 本条例所称水下文物，是指遗存于下列水域的具有历史、艺术和科学价值的人类文化遗产：
（一）遗存于中国内水、领海内的一切起源于中国的、起源国不明的和起源于外国的文物；
（二）遗存于中国领海以外依照中国法律由中国管辖的其他海域内的起源于中国的和起源国不明的文物；
（三）遗存于外国领海以外的其他管辖海域以及公海区域内的起源于中国的文物。
前款规定内容不包括一九一一年以后的与重大历史事件、革命运动以及著名人物无关的水下遗存。
第三条 本条例第二条第（一）、（二）项所规定的水下文物属于国家所有，国家对其行使管辖权；本条例第二条第（三）项所规定的水下文物，国家享有辨认器物物主的权利。
第四条 国家文物局主管水下文物的登记注册、保护管理以及水下文物的考古勘探和发掘活动的审批工作。
地方各级文物行政管理部门负责本行政区域水下文物的保护工作，会同文物考古研究机构负责水下文物的确认和价值鉴定工作。对于海域内的水下文物，国家文物局可以指定地方文物行政管理部门代为负责保护管理工作。
第五条 根据水下文物的价值，国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府可以依据《中华人民共和国文物保护法》第二章规定的有关程序，确定全国或者省级水下文物保护单位、水下文物保护区，并予公布。
在水下文物保护单位和水下文物保护区内，禁止进行危及水下文物安全的捕捞、爆破等活动。
第六条 任何单位或者个人以任何方式发现本条例第二条第（一）、（二）项所规定的水下文物，应当及时报告国家文物局或者地方文物行政管理部门；已打捞出水的，应当及时上缴国家文物局或者地方文物行政管理部门处理。
任何单位或者个人以任何方式发现本条例第二条第（三）项所规定的水下文物，应当及时报告国家文物局或者地方文物行政管理部门；已打捞出水的，应当及时提供国家文物局或者地方文物行政管理部门辨认、鉴定。
第七条 水下文物的考古勘探和发掘活动应当以文物保护和科学研究为目的。任何单位或者个人在中国管辖水域进行水下文物的考古勘探或者发掘活动，必须向国家文物局提出申请，并提供有关资料。未经国家文物局批准，任何单位或者个人不得以任何方式私自勘探或者发掘。
外国国家、国际组织、外国法人或者自然人在中国管辖水域进行水下文物的考古勘探或者发掘活动，必须采取与中国合作的方式进行，其向国家文物局提出的申请，须由国家文物局报经国务院特别许可。
第八条 任何单位或者个人经批准后实施水下文物考古勘探或者发掘活动，活动范围涉及港务监督部门管辖水域的，必须报请港务监督部门核准，由港务监督部门核准划定安全作业区，发布航行通告。
第九条 任何单位或者个人实施水下文物考古勘探或者发掘活动时，还必须遵守中国其他有关法律、法规，接受有关部门的管理；遵守水下考古、潜水、航行等规程，确保人员和水下文物的安全；防止水体的环境污染，保护水下生物资源和其他自然资源不受损害；保护水面、水下的一切设施；不得妨碍交通运输、渔业生产、军事训练以及其他正常的水面、水下作业活动。
第十条 保护水下文物有突出贡献，符合《中华人民共和国文物保护法》第二十九条各项规定情形的，给予表彰、奖励。
违反本条例第五条、第六条、第七条的规定，破坏水下文物，私自勘探、发掘、打捞水下文物，或者隐匿、私分、贩运、非法出售、非法出口水下文物，具有《中华人民共和国文物保护法》第三十条、第三十一条各项规定情形的，依法给予行政处罚或者追究刑事责任。
违反本条例第八条、第九条的规定，造成严重后果的，由文物行政管理部门会同有关部门责令停止作业限期改进或者给予撤销批准的行政处罚，可以并处一千元至一万元的罚款。
第十一条 本条例由国家文物局负责解释。
第十二条 本条例的实施细则由国家文物局制定。
第十三条 本条例自发布之日起施行。

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-MINISTRATION OF THE WORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF UNDERWATER CULTURAL RELICS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-
MINISTRATION OF THE WORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF UNDERWATER CULTURAL RELICS
(Promulgated by Decree No. 42 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on October 20, 1989 and effective as of the date of
promulgation)
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the pertinent
provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China for the Protection
of Cultural Relics for the purpose of strengthening the administration of
the work for the protection of underwater cultural relics.
Article 2
The term "underwater cultural relics" referred to in these Regulations
denotes the human cultural heritage that has historic, artistic and
scientific values and that remains in the following waters:
(1) all the cultural relics of Chinese origin, or of unidentified origin,
or of foreign origin that remain in the Chinese inland waters and
territorial waters;
(2) cultural relics that are of Chinese origin or of unidentified origin
that remain in sea areas outside the Chinese territorial waters but under
Chinese jurisdiction according to the Chinese law;
(3) cultural relics of Chinese origin that remain in sea areas outside the
territorial waters of any foreign country but under the jurisdiction of a
certain country, or in the high seas. The provisions in the preceding
paragraphs shall not cover objects that have remained underwater since
1911 that have nothing to do with important historical events,
revolutionary movements or renowned personages.
Article 3
The ownership of the underwater cultural relics specified in Paragraphs
(1) and (2) of Article 2 of these Regulations shall reside in the state
and the state shall exercise jurisdiction over them; with respect to
underwater cultural relics specified in Paragraphs (3) of Article 2 of
these Regulations, the state shall have the right to identify the owners
of the objects.
Article 4
The State Administration for Protection of Cultural Relics shall be the
competent authority in charge of the registration of underwater cultural
relics, of the administration of the protection thereof, and of the work
of examination and approval concerning the archaeological exploration and
excavation activities with respect to underwater cultural relics.
Administrative departments for cultural relics at various levels in the
localities shall be in charge of the protection of the underwater cultural
relics in their respective administrative regions and shall, in
conjunction with the archaeological and research institutions for cultural
relics, be in charge of the work to identify and assess the value of
underwater cultural relics. With respect to underwater cultural relics in
sea waters, the State Administration for Protection of Cultural Relics may
designate the administrative departments for cultural relics in the
localities to be in charge of the administration of the work for the
protection of underwater cultural relics.
Article 5
On the basis of the value of underwater cultural relics, the State Council
and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government may in accordance
with the pertinent procedures specified in the provisions in Chapter II of
the Law of the People's Republic of China for the Protection of Cultural
Relics, determine the underwater cultural relics protection units and
underwater cultural relics reserves at the national or provincial levels
and publicly announce them.
Within the limits of the underwater cultural relics protection units and
underwater cultural relics reserves, any activities that may jeopardize
the safety of the underwater cultural relics, such as fishing and
demolitions, shall be prohibited.
Article 6
Any units or individuals that have discovered by any means underwater
cultural relics specified in Paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 2 of these
Regulations shall report promptly to the State Administration for
Protection of Cultural Relics or to the administrative departments for
cultural relics in the localities and those that have been fished up shall
be handed over promptly to the State Administration for Protection of
Cultural Relics or to the administrative departments for cultural relics
in the localities to be properly dealt with.
Any units or individuals that have discovered by any means underwater
cultural relics specified in Paragraph (3) of Article 2 of these
Regulations shall report promptly to the State Administration for
Protection of Cultural Relics or to the administrative departments for
cultural relics in the localities and those that have been fished up shall
be turned in promptly to the State Administration for Protection of
Cultural Relics or to the administrative departments for cultural relics
in the localities to be identified and assessed.
Article 7
Archaeological exploration and excavation activities with respect to
underwater cultural relics shall have, as their objective, the protection
of cultural relics and scientific research. Any units or individuals that
intend to conduct in the waters under Chinese jurisdiction archaeological
exploration or excavation activities with respect to underwater cultural
relics shall apply to the State Administration for Protection of Cultural
Relics and submit the relevant data. Without approval by the State
Administration for Protection of Cultural Relics, no units or individuals
may conduct by any means unauthorized exploration or excavation.
Foreign countries, international organizations and foreign legal persons
or natural persons that are to conduct in the waters under Chinese
jurisdiction archaeological exploration or excavation activities shall do
so in cooperation with the Chinese side and shall submit their application
therefor to the State Administration for Protection of Cultural Relics,
which shall further submit it to the State Council of the People's
Republic of China for special approval.
Article 8
With respect to any units or individuals that have been permitted to
effect archaeological exploration or excavation activities with respect to
underwater cultural relics, if the range of their activities covers water
under the jurisdiction of the harbour superintendancy, the case shall be
reported to the harbour superintendancy for verification and approval and
the harbour superintendancy shall, upon verification and approval,
delineate the safe operation area(s) and put out a navigation notice.
Article 9
Any units or individuals that are effecting archaeological exploration or
excavation activities with respect to underwater cultural relics shall, in
addition to complying with these Regulations, abide by other laws and
regulations of China and accept the administration by the departments
concerned, shall observe rules concerning underwater archaeological
activities, diving and navigation and ensure the safety of the personnel
and the underwater cultural relics, shall prevent the water from
environmental pollution and protect the underwater biological resources
and other natural resources from damage, shall protect all the surface and
underwater facilities and may not obstruct communication and
transportation, fishery production, military drills and other normal
surface and underwater operations and activities.
Article 10
Those who have made outstanding contributions to the protection of
underwater cultural relics, if the circumstances are in conformity with
those specified in the provisions in Article 29 of the Law of the People's
Republic of China for the Protection of Cultural Relics, shall be
commended or rewarded.
Those who, in violation of the provisions in Articles 5, 6 and 7 of these
Regulations, damage underwater cultural relics, or explore, excavate or
dredge up underwater cultural relics without authorization, or hide, share
secretly, traffic in, illicitly sell or illicitly export underwater
cultural relics, if the circumstances are found to be those specified in
the provisions in Articles 30 and 31 of the Law of the People's Republic
of China for the Protection of Cultural Relics, shall be given
administrative sanctions or have their criminal liability investigated in
accordance with the law. With respect to those who violate the provisions
in Article 8 and 9 of these Regulations, if the violation has resulted in
serious consequences, the administrative department for cultural relics
shall, in conjunction with the departments concerned, order the operation
to be suspended and set a deadline for correction or shall give such
administrative sanctions as withdrawing the approval granted, with an
additional imposition of a fine ranging from Renminbi 1,000 yuan to 10,000
yuan.
Article 11
The State Administration for Protection of Cultural Relics shall be
responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations.
Article 12
The rules for the implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated
by the State Administration for Protection of Cultural Relics.
Article 13
These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.